Architect and building scientist Timur Dogan wants to decarbonize our building stock – from Ithaca to Ankara – by developing digital tools that simulate energy demand and urban microclimates. Such tools enable planners to target interventions that can reduce CO2 and save residents money, including weatherizing, adding photovoltaics, and updating HVAC systems. He also assesses the economics of decarbonization. “Owners don’t fully understand how much support is available – some buildings in Ithaca could be retrofitted almost for free, and others would pay off really quickly in reduced energy costs.” However, if not done right, “this can actually backfire.” For example, in some regions replacing gas furnaces with heat pumps might not reduce CO2 emissions if energy grids are not clean enough. “2030 is right around the corner and we have to start transforming buildings now. If we put the right policy measures in place, we can help people transition quickly.”